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Odesa
Одеса Odessa | |
|---|---|
 Clockwise from top left: Vorontsov Lighthouse; Monument to the Duc de Richelieu; Potemkin Stairs; Square de Richelieu; Opera and Ballet Theatre; and city garden | |
 Flag  Coat of arms  Logo | |
 | |
  Odesa Location in Odesa Oblast  Odesa Odesa (Ukraine) | |
| Coordinates: 46°29′8.6″N 30°44′36.4″E / 46.485722°N 30.743444°E | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Odesa Oblast |
| Raion | Odesa Raion |
| Hromada | Odesa urban hromada |
| First mentioned | 19 May 1415 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Gennadiy Trukhanov[1] (Truth and Deeds[2]) |
| Area | |
| • City | 162.42 km2 (62.71 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 3,656 km2 (1,412 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 40 m (130 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 65 m (213 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | −4.2 m (−13.8 ft) |
| Population (2022) | |
| • City | 1,010,537 |
| • Rank | 3rd in Ukraine |
| • Density | 6,200/km2 (16,000/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,378,490[3] |
| Demonym(s) | English: Odesan, Odesite, Odessan, Odessite Ukrainian: одесит, одеситка Russian: одессит, одесситка |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal codes | 65000–65480 |
| Area code | +380 48 |
| Website | www.omr.gov.ua/en/ |
| Official name | The Historic Centre of Odesa |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | II and IV |
| Designated | 2023 (18th extraordinary World Heritage Committee session) |
| Reference no. | 1703 |
| UNESCO region | Europe |
| Endangered | 2023– |
Odesa (also spelled Odessa)[a] is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. The city is also the administrative centre of the Odesa Raion and Odesa Oblast, as well as a multiethnic cultural centre. As of January 2021, Odesa's population was approximately 1,010,537.[6] On 25 January 2023, its historic city centre was declared a World Heritage Site and added to the List of World Heritage in Danger by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee in recognition of its influence on cinema, literature, and the arts.[7][8] The declaration was made in response to the bombing of Odesa during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, which has damaged or destroyed buildings across the city.
In classical antiquity a large Greek settlement existed at its location no later than the middle of the 6th century BC. It has been researched as a possible site of the ancient Greek settlement of Histria.
The first chronicle mention of the Slavic settlement-port of Kotsiubijiv, which was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, dates back to 1415, when a ship was sent from here to Constantinople by sea.[9][10] After the Grand Duchy lost control, the port and its surroundings became part of the domain of the Ottoman Empire in 1529, under the name Hacibey, and remained in it until the Ottomans' defeat in the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792).
In 1794, a decree of the Russian empress Catherine II was issued to establish a navy harbor and trading place in Khadjibey, which was named Odessa soon after.[11][12] From 1819 to 1858, Odesa was a free port. During the Soviet period, it was an important trading port and a naval base.
During the 19th century, Odesa was the fourth largest city of the Russian Empire, after Moscow, Saint Petersburg and Warsaw.[13] Its historical architecture is more Mediterranean than Russian, having been heavily influenced by French and Italian styles. Some buildings are built in a mixture of different styles, including Art Nouveau, Renaissance and Classicist.[14]
Odesa is a warm-water port. The city of Odesa hosts both the Port of Odesa and Port Pivdennyi, a significant oil terminal situated in the city's suburbs. Another notable port, Chornomorsk, is located in the same oblast, to the south-west of Odesa. Together they represent a major transport hub integrating with railways. Odesa's oil and chemical processing facilities are connected to the Russian and other European networks by strategic pipelines. In 2000, the Quarantine Pier at Odesa Commercial Sea Port was declared a free port and free economic zone for a period of 25 years.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
tyzhden.ua/post/249910was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Ukrainian local elections: City-by-city guide to this weekend’s runoff votes Archived 13 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Atlantic Council (13 November 2020)
- ^ The number of the available population of Ukraine as of January 1, 2022 (PDF), archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2022, retrieved 26 March 2023
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
CSM spellingswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
USA Today spellingswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ^ "Ukraine's Odesa city put on UNESCO heritage in danger list". AP NEWS. 25 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
- ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "The Historic Centre of Odesa". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 25 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
- ^ Długosz, Jan; Hoppe, Samuel Joachim (1711). IOANNIS DŁVGOSSI SEV LONGINI CANONICI QVONDAM CRACOVIENSIS HISTORIAE POLONICAE LIBRI XII.: QVORVM SEX POSTERIORES NONDVM EDITI, NVNC SIMVL CVM PRIORIBVS EX MSCRIPTO RARISSIMO IN LVCEM PRODEVNT (in Latin). Svmptibvs Ioannis Lvdovici Gleditschii & Mavritii Georgii Weidmanni. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ ""Наш завзятий Головатий" повернувся до Одеси". «Антидот» і «детокс» від «Дня». Archived from the original on 15 May 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
- ^ O. M. Yeremenko; A. V. Kroytor (21 September 2020). "CHAPTER 5 LUGANIAN CHARACTER TWENTY YEARS LATER: NECESSARY CORRECTION". Liha-Pres. Archived from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
- ^ "The Statue of Catherine II 'the Great' or the Monument to the Odessa Founders". Contested Histories. 5 May 2022. Archived from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ^ Herlihy, Patricia (1977). "The Ethnic Composition of the City of Odessa in the Nineteenth Century" (PDF). Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 1 (1): 53–78. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 May 2008.
- ^ "Odessa: Architecture and Monuments". UKRWorld.Com. 2009. Archived from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2009.
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